2/25/2023 0 Comments Liberas defend yalta![]() The Russian view, as Putin ( 2013) has argued, is that Russia’s ‘winning strength in critical junctures such as Vienna or Yalta has manifested in generosity and justice.’ Others see Russia as merely being guided by parochial self-interest in these and similar situations. However, views differ on the degree to which Russia has promoted general principles, or just its narrow self-interests. It is also widely understood that Russia wants to be part of the international society (Aalto, 2007). Chebankova, 2017 Kobayashi, 2017 MacFarlane, 2003 Makarychev, 2009 Miskimmon & O’Loughlin, 2017). Numerous observers argue that Russia’s approach to security governance represents a state-centric worldview and emphasises great-power management and multipolarity rather than liberal principles (see, e.g. ![]() Many generalisations concerning Russia’s world order policy can and have been made on the basis of history. In revisiting such history, this article focuses on major peace conferences and summits where principles guiding the international order have been negotiated. Hence, it is important to examine the role played by Russia and its visions of the international order during past centuries. Moreover, past experiences motivate states in their attempts to shape the international order, and some may also perceive perennial historical trends – particularly in Russia’s attitude towards the global order – which explain the Kremlin’s current behaviour (Kotkin, 2016 Rieber, 2007). The past provides us with many analogies for the present. Indeed, many scholars and pundits contend that history plays an essential role in today’s struggle over the international order. ![]() ![]() At the risk of oversimplification, one can distinguish between three positions in the ongoing debate: for some, Russia is a revolutionary or revisionist power intent upon destroying the present order for others, it is an anti-reformist conservative force seeking to restore order and for still others, it lies somewhere in between and seeks only minor adjustments (for an overview, see the introductory article by Götz and Merlen, 2018).Īlthough assessments of Russia’s role in the European security order are politically sensitive, classifying states and their strategies in accordance with certain categories has been part and parcel of the study of International Relations from the beginning, and is also common in historical studies of Russian and Soviet foreign policy. Since the Ukraine crisis and annexation of Crimea in 2014, Russia’s role in the European security system has been a particularly contested issue (see, e.g. Russia’s role in and views on the international order is an old topic, but it has become relevant again in the context of the debates over the fate of the post-Cold War liberal international order. ![]()
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